Water-Soluble Binders That Improve Electrochemical Sodium-Ion Storage Properties in a NaTi₂(PO₄)₃ Anode

Water-soluble binders are demonstrated to provide significantly better capacity, cycle life stability and rate response for NASICON-type NaTi 2 (PO 4 ) 3 Na-ion battery anodes during reversible sodiation compared electrodes made using polyvinylidene difluoride-containing slurries. The role of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) on the physical structure chemical interfacial reactions with sodium-poor uncovered electron microscopy spectroscopy data we show that a more stable NASICON is found from desodiation process compensation sodium deficiencies in by extra CMC binder. When binder comprises styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) additive, electrode delivers voltammetric galvanostatic electrochemical specific capacity ∼120 mAh g −1 retention 90.5% 500 cycles at 0.2 C (1 = 133 ), ∼54 20 C. durability cycling redox processes ensures higher longer which important sustainable materials development technologies.